et à Terre‑Neuve, ainsi que dans les zones boisées du nord du Nouveau‑Brunswick. [6] Its paws can support almost twice as much weight as a bobcat's before sinking. [1][85] A 2017 study reported increasing numbers in many areas in the United States. Canada lynxes have been recorded up to an elevation of 4,310 m (14,140 ft). La chasse au Lynx roux et au Lynx du Canada est réglementée au Canada, aux États-Unis et au Mexique, mais la législation peut varier selon les États Repos La seule constante à son habitat est le peuplement forestier. Hybridization between closely related species might significantly delimit the geographic range of the species, especially if they are endangered as reproductive success in females would be reduced by the birth of sterile offspring; on the other hand, fertile hybrids can compete and breed further with the parent species, potentially reducing the numbers of the parent species. [81][82] The Canada lynx is abundant over its broad range and has not been significantly threatened by legal trade for centuries. [68], Fishers are known to hunt Canada lynxes occasionally in the northeastern United States; a study in northern Maine identified predation by fishers as the leading cause of Canada lynx mortality over twelve years, though it did not appear to affect population growth in the lynxes. [65][66] A study in 2019 identified a gammaherpesvirus species in the Canada lynx for the first time. The lynx is a good swimmer and an agile climber. Forêt boréale. The Canada lynx was first described by Robert Kerr in 1792. [15][21][37] Studies suggest success in hunting hares depends heavily on the distance between the lynx and the hare when the lynx begins chasing it and their relative speeds, which in turn depends on the hunting prowess of the lynx, the alertness of the hare and the vegetation cover among other factors. [48] A study of those two animals in southwest Yukon Territory showed that when the hare population increased, both killed more than necessary for subsistence; lynxes need to kill 0.4 to 0.5 hare per day to meet their energy requirements but were observed to kill 1.2 hares per day during this period. The IUCN Red List and other sources do not provide the Canada lynx total population size. [21] They rely on their vision and sense of hearing to locate prey. After about five weeks, the kittens leave the den, and they begin hunting between seven and nine months old. Kittens leave the den after about five weeks and begin hunting at between seven and nine months of age. [37] These lynxes may hunt in groups when hares are scarce. [1][15][21], A reintroduction attempt into New York by the SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry between 1989 and 1992, which had 80 lynx from northwestern Canada released into the Adirondacks, was unsuccessful; nineteen were killed by automobiles, eight were mistakenly shot by bobcat hunters, and the rest died from unknown causes or predation. Il peut s'agir … February 24, 2009: The Fish and Wildlife Service announced a final revised critical habitat designation for the Canada lynx in the contiguous United States. Fish & Wildlife "Species Profile" and lynx article index. Notes on the ecological concepts of habitat, biotope and niche. [22][35] Canada lynxes are efficient climbers, and will dodge predators by climbing high up in trees, but they hunt only on the ground. Given its abundance throughout the range, and lack of severe threats, the Canada lynx has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. [67] A study identified plague as a major cause of mortality in reintroduced populations in Colorado. [11][12] A study in 2019 estimated the Newfoundland lynx to have diverged from the mainland lynx around 20,000 to 33,000 years ago following the last glaciation. Lynxes have thick fur and long legs, the hind legs being longer than the front legs, giving it a stooped appearance. This is especially noticeable in the population cycles of lynxes and snowshoe hares. [21] In winter, the hair on the lower cheek becomes longer, giving the impression of a ruffle covering the throat. [63][64] Canada lynxes could have played a role in the transmission of the zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii to the Inuit in North America. En 1912, le zoologiste américain Gerrit Miller l'a placé dans le genre Lynx , en utilisant le nom L. canadensis . [46] They have also been reported feeding occasionally on succulent sedges and grasses. The Canada lynx hunts mainly around twilight, or at night, when snowshoe hares tend to be active. [6] The dental formula is 3.1.2.13.1.2.1. It also has four carnassial teeth that cut the meat into small pieces. [2][5][6] American zoologist W. C. Wozencraft revised the classification of Carnivora in 2005 and recognized the Canada lynx as a species under Lynx, along with the bobcat (L. rufus), the Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) and the Iberian lynx (L. Le Lynx du Canada est l’un des trois félins sauvages habitant la forêt boréale du Canada. [34][47], A specialist predator, the Canada lynx depends heavily on snowshoe hares for food. [71][72] Canada lynxes generally avoid open areas despite good prey availability; they face difficulty surviving in heavily logged areas and on agricultural land, though they can thrive well in deforested areas that have been left to regenerate at least fifteen years. Females and their young sometimes hunt together when they spread out in a line and move through relatively open areas. Native to North America, the Canadian lynx inhabits a range from the Arctic treeline, southwards through a good part of Alaska and Canada, as well as the north of the adjoining United States. The lynx is assisted by its stereoscopic vision in detecting prey and measuring distances. A study showed that, compared to Canada lynxes, coyotes' feet sink deeper in the snow due to their smaller size and hence a larger body mass to foot area ratio, prompting them to ambush their prey instead of chasing it as lynxes often do. After the attempt, Canada lynx were officially considered extirpated in New York State, but are still fully protected under state law. Le lynx du Canada est originaire d'Amérique du Nord. [89][90] Hair-snaring involves collecting hairs shed by the lynx, especially when they rub against objects (such as the snow); a study showed a mixture of beaver castroleum and catnip oil can strongly induce rubbing behaviour in lynxes. The breeding season is just for a month, somewhere from March to May, according to the local climate. In eastern Canada, the Canadian lynx is competing with the eastern coyote, which, over the last few decades, has expanded its range. Individuals, particularly of the same sex, tend to avoid each other, forming "intrasexual" territories. The initial introduction was in the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado, but self-sustaining populations were established throughout the south-central Colorado Rockies as far north as Summit County. Later, when the continent was invaded by the Eurasian lynx for a second time within the last 200,000 years, the populations that settled in the northern part of the continent, now devoid of glaciers, evolved into the Canada lynx. [27] Canada lynxes ingest 0.6–1.2 kg (1.3–2.6 lb) of food daily. These big feet are like snowshoes, enabling them to hunt effectively in deep snow. [15][22] Although no melanistic or albinistic forms of the Canada lynx are known, a specimen from Alaska was reported to have bluish-grey fur. Most births occur from May to July. The average slope for lynx habitat was Alimentation. As in the related bobcat(Lynx rufus), the lynx's hindlimbs are longer than the forelimbs, so the back slopes downward to the front. This cat is not a fast runner and does not chase its prey but ambushes it instead. [23] The fur is generally shorter in summer than in winter. [44] They typically move within areas where prey availability and the features of the snow (such as the hardness and the extent to which their paws sink into the snow) are more or less similar; individuals may disperse over smaller areas in areas of soft snow. The southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado, Utah, and southern Wyoming are disjunct from other lynx habitats in the United States and Canada. In this way, prey flushed out by one individual is often caught by another in the line. The study suggested that individuals do not show any significant tendency to avoid or mingle with one another, and thus only passively defend their ranges. Lynxes rarely cached their kills, unlike coyotes, and this may have led to incomplete consumption of some kills. Its paws are unusually large and in very deep snow act like snowshoes. The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), or Canadian lynx, is a North American felid that ranges in forest and tundra regions across Canada and into Alaska, as well as some parts of the northern United States. [21] Snowshoe hare populations in Alaska and central Canada undergo cyclic rises and falls—at times the population densities can fall from as high as 2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi) to as low as 12/km2 (31/sq mi). [3] The taxonomy of the Canada lynx remained in dispute through the 20th and early 21st centuries. This leads to a prey-predator cycle, as Canada lynxes respond to the cyclic rises and falls in snowshoe hare populations over the years in Alaska and central Canada. It is characterized by its long, dense fur, triangular ears with black tufts at the tips, and broad, snowshoe-like paws. When hares are scarce lynxes tend to move to areas with more hares and tend not to produce litters, and as the numbers of the hare increase, so do the populations of the lynx. Significant numbers of deaths are also due to rabies and distemper. Tu découvriras aussi des idées d'action pour protéger cette espèce et son habitat. [29], The Canada lynx can be told apart from the bobcat by its longer ear tufts, broader paws, shorter tail with a fully black tip, longer legs and the fewer markings and greyer shade of the coat. The mating season is roughly a month long (from March to early April). The lynx's stride is 30–46 cm (12–18 in), while the bobcat's varies between 13 and 41 cm (5 and 16 in). Habitat. [2] The large, broad paws are covered in long, thick fur and can spread as wide as 10 cm (3.9 in) to move quickly and easily on soft snow. The lynx is listed as Endangered in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Ecology, 725-728. Lynx facts. Therefore, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) classifies the Canada lynx as Least Concern. In the United States in the south, the main threats are habitat fragmentation and change, accidents, and increased competition against other predators. In the past, the lynx occurred from the northern United States (in 24 states), possibly up to the Rocky Mountains in New Mexico, to the tree line in the Arctic through coniferous forests in Alaska and Canada. The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is a medium-sized North American lynx that ranges across Alaska, Canada, and northern areas of the contiguous United States. Le sud-est de la Colombie-Britannique est entrecoupé de crêtes rocheuses, de vallées et d'installations humaines. [21], Apart from Canada lynxes, coyotes are also major predators of the snowshoe hare. The word “lynx” comes from the Greek “to shine,” and may refer to the animal’s eyes’ reflective ability. Noting only a few differences between the two forms, the study suggested the Newfoundland lynx to have diverged only recently from the mainland form. Alimentation. [90], "Canadian lynx" redirects here. Le lynx du Canada est un félin de taille moyenne dont la fourrure est fauve. The fur is typically yellowish brown, though in Newfoundland it can vary from brown or buff-grey in spring and summer to a greyish shade with a grizzled appearance in winter; the underparts are white and may have a few dark spots. Although mainly nocturnal, Canadian lynxes are sometimes active during the day. Reproduction. [45], The Canada lynx preys primarily and almost exclusively on the snowshoe hare. Habitat. It typically occurs in dense boreal forests, though … The two common methods are examining the tracks of the lynx in snow (snow-tracking) and radio telemetry; snow-tracking generally gives smaller sizes for home ranges. Lynx du Canada. [47] Scavenging is common; they will take ungulates killed by the cold or vehicles. Définition et Explications - Le Lynx du Canada (Lynx canadensis) aussi appelé Lynx gris, Lynx polaire, Lynx Bleu ou Loup-cervier est une espèce de lynx. In dirt the tracks of the lynx are 7.6–9.5 cm (3–3.75 in) long and 8.9–11.4 cm (3.5–4.5 in) wide, whereas in snow they are bigger (11 cm (4.5 in) long and 13 cm (5 in) wide). The animal remained unidentified at the time and was preserved by Bristol Museum and Art Gallery and was finally identified in a 2014 study. [15] The lynx can cover 8–9 km (5.0–5.6 mi) daily, moving at 0.75–1.46 km/h (0.47–0.91 mph), to procure prey. They leave their mother at about the age of ten months, when the next breeding season starts. [18] Canada lynx fossils excavated in North America date back to the Sangamonian and the Wisconsin Glacial Episode. They leave the mother at around ten months, as the next breeding season begins, but they do not reach the full adult size until around two years of age. In the southernmost parts of their range, their diet includes rodents, fish, birds, and deer. Canada lynxes have been reported to live sixteen years in the wild, though most do not survive ten; in captivity they may make it to twenty-seven. News Release and Q&As [5] Studies have tried to correlate the abundance of snowshoe hares in an area with the sizes of lynxes' home ranges in that area. [37] A study in Alaska found that lynxes played a role in the decrease in populations of red fox, caribou and Dall's sheep when hares were very low in number. The reason behind this is unclear—it could be due to a greater abundance of alternate prey, or reduced success in hunting hares. The lynx can feel where it is biting the prey with its canines because they are heavily laced with nerves. In 1912, American zoologist Gerrit Miller placed it in the genus Lynx, using the name L. Females are sexually mature at 21 months, males at 33 months. [15] Physical proportions do not vary significantly across the range and are probably naturally selected to allow for survival on smaller prey. The Canada lynx is sexually dimorphic, with males larger and heavier than females. This lynx is regularly trapped for the international fur trade in most of Alaska and Canada but is protected in the southern half of its range due to threats such as habitat loss. Canadian lynxes have a polygynous mating system. Lynx are specially adapted to the deep snows of northern forests, where their massive paws keep them afloat in their snowy open forest and boreal habitat. [39][40], Males tend to occupy larger ranges than do females; for instance, data from a 1980 radio telemetric analysis in Minnesota showed that males' home ranges spread over 145–243 km2 (56–94 sq mi), while those of females covered 51–122 km2 (20–47 sq mi). The Canada lynx and the bobcat live in North America. The researchers concluded it had probably been captive for some time, perhaps as an exotic pet or part of a travelling menagerie, but may have survived for a substantial period after escaping. the Newfoundland lynx's darker coat), the standard measurements are not significantly distinct. Canada lynx look similar to bobcats, but there are some distinguishing features: bobcats have shorter tufts on their ears, the tip of their tail is black on top and white underneath, and bobcats have shorter legs and smaller feet than lynx. Adapté aux climats froids, son aire de répartition englobe essentiellement le Canada et l'Alaska (États-Unis) ainsi que nord-est des États-Unis et dans une partie des Rocheuses.